M1911手槍 - 修訂歷史

Cyesuta 於 2010年6月29日 (二) 14:03

2010-06-29T14:03:49Z

Cyesuta 於 2010年6月29日 (二) 14:00

2010-06-29T14:00:02Z

Cyesuta 於 2010年6月29日 (二) 13:59

2010-06-29T13:59:26Z

Cyesuta：/* 設計 */

2008-10-21T18:44:17Z

設計

Cyesuta：/* 設計 */

2008-10-21T18:43:28Z

設計

Cyesuta：/* 現在的使用者 */

2008-10-21T18:38:40Z

現在的使用者

Cyesuta：/* 現在的使用者 */

2008-10-21T18:36:18Z

現在的使用者

Cyesuta：柯爾特M1911手槍移動到M1911手槍

2008-10-21T18:09:42Z

柯爾特M1911手槍移動到M1911手槍

Cyesuta：/* 在大部分領域被替代 */

2008-10-21T17:56:48Z

在大部分領域被替代

Cyesuta：/* 在大部分領域被替代 */

2008-10-21T17:46:57Z

在大部分領域被替代

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 {{Infobox槍械類
 |名稱 = United States Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911.
@@ 行 23： / 行 27： @@
 |瞄準具型式 = 金屬缺口式照門及準星
 }}
 ==歷史==

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-{{槍械類
+{{Infobox槍械類
 |名稱 = United States Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911.
 |類型 = [[半自動手槍]]

@@ 行 1： / 行 1： @@
-{{Infobox Weapon|is_ranged=yes|
+{{槍械類
-| image= [[Image:M1911 Pistol US.jpg|300px]]
+|名稱 = United States Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911.
-| caption= Mid-1945 produced M1911A1 U.S. Army semi-automatic pistol by [[Remington Rand]]. This one was re-built by [[Anniston Army Depot]], October 1972, and carries the ANAD 1072 stamp. The cartridges shown are the [[.45 ACP]] (left) and [[7.65 mm Browning]]/[[.32 ACP]] (right). Confiscated early 2004 in or around [[Al-Qurna]], [[Iraq]], by [[Dancon/Irak]]. Destroyed shortly after.
+|類型 = [[半自動手槍]]
-| name= United States Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911.
+|原產國 = [[美國]]
-| type= [[Pistol]]
+|服役期間 = 1911年–現在
-| origin={{flag|United States}}
+|使用者 = 見[[#使用者|使用者]]
-| era= 20th century
+|參與戰役 = 作爲制式手槍：[[第一次世界大戰|一戰]]、[[第二次世界大戰|二戰]]、[[韓戰]]、[[越南戰爭|越戰]]<br/>其他：[[海灣戰爭]]、[[阿富汗戰爭]]、[[伊拉克戰爭]]
-| design_date=1911 & 1927(A1)
+|研發者 = [[John Browning|約翰·白朗寧]]
-| prod_design_date= 1911–present
+|研發日期 = 1911年（M1911） <br/>1927年（M1911A1）
-| serv_design_date= 1911–present
+|生產商 = 見[[#生產商|生產商]]
-| used_by=See ''[[M1911 pistol#Users|Users]]''
+|產量 = 超過二百萬
-| wars= (As official [[Service pistol]])<br>[[World War I]], [[World War II]], [[Korean War]], [[Vietnam War]]
+|衍生型 = M1911A1、[[M15手槍]]
-| spec_type= [[Semi-automatic firearm|Semi-automatic]] [[Handgun|pistol]]
+|重量 = 2 lb 7 oz (1.1 kg) (government model)
-| part_length= 5.03 in (127 mm), Government model;<br>
+|長度 = 210 mm (8.25 in)
-.25 in (108 mm), Commander model;<br>
+|槍管長度 = 政府型：5.03寸（127毫米）<br />指揮官型：4.25寸（108毫米）<br />軍官ACP型：3.5寸（89毫米）
-.5 in (89 mm), Officer's ACP model
+|彈藥 = [[.45 ACP]]
-| cartridge= [[.45 ACP]]
+|口徑 =
-| feed= 7 rounds (standard-capacity magazine), +1 in [[Chamber (weaponry)|chamber]]
+|槍機種類 = 槍管短行程後座作用、單動
-| action= [[Recoil operation|Short recoil operation]]
+|速率 =
-| velocity= {{convert| 830 |ft/s|0|lk=on|sp=us|abbr=on}}
+|槍口初速 = 830尺
-| weight= 2.437 [[Pound (mass)|lb]] (1,105 [[Gram|g]]) empty, w/ magazine (FM 23–35, 1940)
+|有效射程 = 75 yd (62 m)
-| length= 8.25 in (210 mm)
+|供彈方式 = 7發（標準彈匣）、槍膛1發
-| variants= M1911A1, [[M15 pistol|RIA Officers]]
+|瞄準具型式 = 金屬缺口式照門及準星
 }}

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 ==設計==
-[[{{ns:image}}:M1911_design.gif|right]]
+[[Image:M1911_design.gif|thumb|right]]
 Asking for a .45-caliber automatic pistol was a tall order that few manufacturers or inventors attempted successfully in the early 20th century. To accomplish this, Browning settled on a design that is so timeless, it has been changed little in nearly 100 years of production.  The basic principle of the pistol is recoil operation.  As the expanding combustion gases force the bullet down the barrel, they give reverse momentum to the slide and barrel which are locked together during this portion of the firing cycle.  After the bullet has left the barrel, the slide and barrel continue rearward a short distance.

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 ==設計==
 Asking for a .45-caliber automatic pistol was a tall order that few manufacturers or inventors attempted successfully in the early 20th century. To accomplish this, Browning settled on a design that is so timeless, it has been changed little in nearly 100 years of production.  The basic principle of the pistol is recoil operation.  As the expanding combustion gases force the bullet down the barrel, they give reverse momentum to the slide and barrel which are locked together during this portion of the firing cycle.  After the bullet has left the barrel, the slide and barrel continue rearward a short distance.
@@ 行 144： / 行 145： @@
 Despite being challenged by newer and lighter weight pistol designs in .45 caliber, such as the [[Glock 21]], the [[SIG Sauer]] [[P220]] and the [[Heckler & Koch]] [[Mark 23|Mk 23]], the 1911 shows no signs of decreasing popularity, and continues to be widely present in various competitive matches, such as those of IDPA and IPSC.
 ==規範==

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 [[Image:Smith&WessonSW1911.JPG|thumb|right|A basic version of Smith & Wesson's SW1911 with user-installed Pachmayr grips.]]
-[[Image:Springfield Armory M1911A1.jpg|thumb|right|M1911A1 by [[Springfield Armory, Inc.|Springfield Armory]] (contemporary remake of WWII G.I. Model, [[Parkerize]]d)]]
+[[Image:Springfield Armory M1911A1.jpg|thumb|right|[[春田兵工廠]]製造的M1911A1]]
 作爲一項運動或娛樂項目，M1911A1也非常受到美國大衆喜愛。這款手槍常被用作[[CCW]]、個人防衛、射擊、競技。無數的零部件讓使用者可以量身定做自己喜歡的樣式。因爲M1911實用、簡潔並帶著美國歷史色彩，越來越多人加入收藏1911型的行列。價差從最低端、$250的進口貨到高端、超過$3,000的高完成度成品，諸如由[[Smith and Wesson]]、[[Rock River Arms]]、[[Springfield Armory, Inc.|Springfield Armory]]、[[STI International Inc]]、[[Strayer Voigt Inc]]、[[U.S. Fire Arms Manufacturing Company]]、<ref>[http://www.usfirearms.com U.S. Fire Arms Manufacturing Company] also manufactures Model 1910 Automatic, Super .38 Automatic and Ace .22 Long Rifle models, except for caliber, similar to the M1911.</ref>[[Kimber Manufacturing]]、[[Wilson Combat]]、[[Les Baer]]等廠家生産的都有。

←上個修訂	於 2008年10月21日 (二) 18:09 的修訂
（無差異）

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 二戰後，M1911還是被當作美軍在[[韓戰]]、[[越戰]]甚至[[沙漠風暴]]行動中部分單位的主要隨身武器。並持續在[[伊拉克自由行動]]及[[持久自由軍事行動]]中被美軍特種部隊使用。
-However, by the late 1970s the M1911A1 was acknowledged to be showing its age. Under political pressure from NATO to conform to the NATO-standard pistol cartridge, the [[US Air Force]]'s [[Joint Service Small Arms Program]] was run to select a new semi-automatic pistol using the [[NATO]]-standard 9mm Parabellum pistol cartridge (a cartridge that had been previously tested by the US Army in 1903 and found wanting). After trials, the [[Beretta 92|Beretta 92S-1]] was chosen. This result was contested by the Army which subsequently ran its own competition (the [[M9 pistol|XM9]] trials) in 1981 which eventually lead to the official adoption of the [[Beretta 92]]F on January 14, 1985.  By the later 1980s production was ramping up despite a controversial XM9 retrial and a separate XM10 reconfirmation, which was boycotted by some entrants of the original trials, cracks in the frames of the Beretta-produced pistols, and also despite a dangerous problem with slide separation that resulted in injuries to some US Navy service members. This last resulted in it being updated to the 92FS standard, which includes additional protection for the user.
+然而在1970年代M1911A1也到了要被替換的年齡，加上[[北大西洋公約組織]]施加要使用北約手槍彈藥標準的壓力，[[美國空軍]]的[[三軍輕武器總規劃]]委員會開始著手選擇符合北約標準9mm Parabellum手槍子彈(a cartridge that had been previously tested by the US Army in 1903 and found wanting)的半自動手槍。經過測試後[[Beretta 92|Beretta 92S-1]]被選上了。This result was contested by the Army which subsequently ran its own competition (the [[M9 pistol|XM9]] trials) in 1981 which eventually lead to the official adoption of the [[Beretta 92]]F on January 14, 1985.  By the later 1980s production was ramping up despite a controversial XM9 retrial and a separate XM10 reconfirmation, which was boycotted by some entrants of the original trials, cracks in the frames of the Beretta-produced pistols, and also despite a dangerous problem with slide separation that resulted in injuries to some US Navy service members. This last resulted in it being updated to the 92FS standard, which includes additional protection for the user.
 年代初期大多數的M1911A1被[[M9手槍]]取代，然而有一些特殊單位仍在使用它。其中比較顯著的例子就是[[美國海軍陸戰隊]]堅持使用M1911作爲其[[美國海軍陸戰隊遠征部隊|陸戰隊遠征部隊]]及偵查單位的配置（儘管USMC也採購了50,000把M9手槍）。而[[美國特種作戰司令部]]（USSOCOM）下達使用[[.45 ACP]]手槍的決議(Offensive Handgun Weapon System (OHWS) trials). This resulted in the Heckler & Koch OHWS becoming the [[Heckler & Koch Mark 23 Mod 0|MK23 Mod 0]] Offensive Handgun Weapon System (beating a [[Colt OHWS]], a much modified 1911).近年來這股對Beretta M9停止作用的不滿造就了1911在USSOCOM某些單位中的復活，但M9仍然佔據SOCOM及大部分美軍單位中的主要位置。

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 However, by the late 1970s the M1911A1 was acknowledged to be showing its age. Under political pressure from NATO to conform to the NATO-standard pistol cartridge, the [[US Air Force]]'s [[Joint Service Small Arms Program]] was run to select a new semi-automatic pistol using the [[NATO]]-standard 9mm Parabellum pistol cartridge (a cartridge that had been previously tested by the US Army in 1903 and found wanting). After trials, the [[Beretta 92|Beretta 92S-1]] was chosen. This result was contested by the Army which subsequently ran its own competition (the [[M9 pistol|XM9]] trials) in 1981 which eventually lead to the official adoption of the [[Beretta 92]]F on January 14, 1985.  By the later 1980s production was ramping up despite a controversial XM9 retrial and a separate XM10 reconfirmation, which was boycotted by some entrants of the original trials, cracks in the frames of the Beretta-produced pistols, and also despite a dangerous problem with slide separation that resulted in injuries to some US Navy service members. This last resulted in it being updated to the 92FS standard, which includes additional protection for the user.
-年代初期大多數的M1911A1被[[M9手槍]]取代。 though a limited number remain in use by special units. The [[United States Marine Corps]] in particular were noted for continuing the use of M1911 pistols for selected personnel in MEU(SOC) and reconnaissance units (though the USMC also purchased over 50,000 M9 handguns). For its part, the [[United States Special Operations Command]] (USSOCOM) issued a requirement for a [[.45 ACP]] handgun (Offensive Handgun Weapon System (OHWS) trials). This resulted in the Heckler & Koch OHWS becoming the [[Heckler & Koch Mark 23 Mod 0|MK23 Mod 0]] Offensive Handgun Weapon System (beating a [[Colt OHWS]], a much modified 1911).  Dissatisfaction with the Beretta M9's stopping power has actually promoted re-adoption of the 1911 (along with other handguns) among USSOCOM units in recent years, though the M9 remains predominant both within SOCOM and in the US military in general.
+年代初期大多數的M1911A1被[[M9手槍]]取代，然而有一些特殊單位仍在使用它。其中比較顯著的例子就是[[美國海軍陸戰隊]]堅持使用M1911作爲其[[美國海軍陸戰隊遠征部隊|陸戰隊遠征部隊]]及偵查單位的配置（儘管USMC也採購了50,000把M9手槍）。而[[美國特種作戰司令部]]（USSOCOM）下達使用[[.45 ACP]]手槍的決議(Offensive Handgun Weapon System (OHWS) trials). This resulted in the Heckler & Koch OHWS becoming the [[Heckler & Koch Mark 23 Mod 0|MK23 Mod 0]] Offensive Handgun Weapon System (beating a [[Colt OHWS]], a much modified 1911).近年來這股對Beretta M9停止作用的不滿造就了1911在USSOCOM某些單位中的復活，但M9仍然佔據SOCOM及大部分美軍單位中的主要位置。
 ===現在的使用者===