〓犬〓：新頁面: '''Götz von Berlichingen''' (c. 1480 – ...

2007-12-25T10:02:24Z

新頁面:  '''Götz von Berlichingen''' (c. 1480 – ...

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'''Götz von Berlichingen''' (c. [[1480]] – [[23 July]] [[1562]]; unabbreviated form: ''Gottfried von Berlichingen'') was a [[German people|German]] [[knight]] (''Deutscher Ritter''), [[Mercenary|Soldier of Fortune]] and [[robber baron]]. He was born around 1480 at Berlichingen in [[Württemberg]] to a noble family. He owned castle [http://www.burg-hornberg.de/ Hornberg] located near the [[Neckar River]] in what is now [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Berlichingen was made famous by writer and poet [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (1749-1832) who wrote [[Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|a play based on his life]]. During World War II, the [[Waffen SS]]'s 17th ''[[Panzergrenadier]]'' Division was given the name [[17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen|''Götz von Berlichingen'']]. The divisional symbol was an iron fist in a shield.

==Life==
In [[1497]], Berlichingen entered the service of [[Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]. In [[1498]], he fought in the armies of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], seeing action in [[Burgundy]], [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]] and the [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]], and in the [[Swabian War]] the following year. By [[1500]], Berlichingen had left the service of Frederick, and formed a company of mercenaries, selling his services to various [[Duke]]s, [[Margrave]]s and [[Baron]]s.

In [[1504]], Berlichingen and his company fought for [[Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria]]. During the siege of the city of [[Landshut]], he lost his right arm to enemy cannon fire. He had a [[prosthetic]] iron replacement made, which is [[as of 2006|today]] on display at the Jagsthausen Castle. In spite of this injury, Berlichingen continued his private wars, driven mainly by money. Most of his battles were raids on rich towns or merchant caravans, and the occasional kidnapping for ransom of minor nobles.

[[Image:Goetz-eiserne-hand.jpg|thumb|left|The iron prosthetic hand worn by Götz von Berlichingen.]]

In [[1512]], near the town of [[Forchheim]], he attacked a group of merchants returning from the great fair at [[Leipzig]]. On hearing this, Emperor Maximilian placed Berlichingen under an [[Imperial ban]]. He was only released from this in [[1514]], when he paid the large sum of 14,000 [[gulden]]. In [[1516]], Berlichingen and his company mounted a raid into [[Hesse]], capturing [[Phillip IV, Count of Waldeck]] in the process. A ransom of 8,400 gulden was paid for the safe return of the count. For this action, he was again placed under the ban in [[1518]].

In [[1519]], he signed up in the service of [[Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg]], who was at war with the [[Swabian League]]. He fought in the defence of [[Möckmühl]], but eventually was forced to surrender the town, owing to a lack of food and ammunition. In violation of the terms of surrender, he was held prisoner and handed over to the citizens of [[Heilbronn]], a town he had raided several times. His fellow knights [[Georg von Frundsberg]] and [[Franz von Sickingen]] successfully argued for his release in [[1522]], but only after he paid a ransom of 2,000 gulden and swore not to take vengeance on the League.

In [[1525]], with the outbreak of the [[Peasants' War]], Berlichingen led the rebels in the district of [[Odenwald]] against the [[Ecclesiastical Princes]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Despite this, he was (according to his own account) not a fervent supporter of their cause. He agreed to lead the rebels partly because he had no other option, and partly in an effort to curb the excesses of the rebellion. Despite his wishes to stop wanton violence, Berlichingen found himself powerless to control the rebels and after a month of nominal leadership he deserted his command and returned to the Schloss Jagsthausen to sit out the rest of the rebellion.

After the Imperial victory, he was called before the diet of [[Speyer]] to account for his actions. On [[17 October]] [[1526]], he was acquitted by the Imperial chamber. Despite this, in November [[1528]] he was lured to [[Augsburg]] by the [[Swabian League]], who were eager to settle old scores. After reaching Augsburg under promise of safe conduct, and while preparing to clear himself of the old charges against him made by the league, he was seized and made prisoner until [[1530]] when he was liberated, but only after repeating his oath of [[1522]] and agreeing to return to his Schloss Hornberg and remain in that area.

Berlichingen agreed to this, and remained near the Hornberg until [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] released him from his oath in [[1540]]. He served under Charles in the [[1542]] campaign against the [[Ottoman Empire]] of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] in [[Hungary]], and in [[1544]] in the Imperial invasion of [[France]] under [[Francis I of France]].

After the French campaign, Berlichingen returned to the Hornberg and lived out the rest of his life in relative peace. He died on [[23 July]] [[1562]] in [[Horneck Castle, Germany|Horneck Castle]]. During his long life, Berlichingen had been twice married and left three daughters and seven sons to carry on his family name.

==Quotes, historical and cultural references==

*The [[1773]] drama by [[Goethe]] titled ''[[Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|Götz von Berlichingen]]'' was based on Berlichingen's memoirs and was very successful. The drama has various changes to Goetz' real biography.
**"Er kann mich im Arsche lecken!" ("He may lick me in the arse!") – Berlichingen's reply to the Bishop of Bamberg's demand for his surrender - from Memoirs. This is the first recorded instance of a phrase which has since passed into common use. It is commonly used in the form "Leck mich am Arsch" ("Lick my arse") or in the incomplete sentence "In the words of Goetz von Berlichingen ...".
*During [[World War II]] the [[Waffen-SS]] 17th [[Panzergrenadier]] Division was named after him.
*Götz's iron hand inspired the creation of the modern [[prosthetic limb]] in the early [[20th century]]. His hand was ahead of its time, being capable of holding objects from a sword to a feather pen.
*Jean-Paul Sartre's play "Le Diable et le Bon Dieu" features Götz as an existentialist character.
*In the anime series [[Full Metal Alchemist]], when the main characters go to the fictional city of "Rush Valley", they get to see a new model of "Goetz arm" in a store that sells mechanical body parts.

==References==
*Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - Götz von Berlichingen ([[1773]]).
*R. Pallmann - ''Der historische Götz von Berlichingen'' (Berlin, [[1894]]).
*F. W. G. Graf von Berlichingen-Rossach - ''Geschichte des Ritters Götz von Berlichingen und seiner Familie'' (Leipzig, [[1861]]).
*Götz's Autobiography, published Halle ([[1886]]).

== External links ==
{{commons|Götz von Berlichingen|Götz von Berlichingen}}
*[http://www.jgoethe.uni-muenchen.de/leben/goetz_I.gif Title page] of the [[1731]] edition of the memoirs of Götz von Berlichingen.
*[http://www.karlofgermany.com/Goetz.htm Further information about Götz's prosthetic arm]
*[http://nauplion.net/Gatsos.html Gatsos' poem "The Knight and Death" contains a reference to Götz and his arm.]

[[Category:1480s births|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:1562 deaths|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:People from Baden-Württemberg|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:German nobility|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:Warriors|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:German knights|Berlichingen, Götz von]]
[[Category:Mercenaries|Berlichingen]]
[[Category:German amputees]]

Göetz Von Berlichingen - 修訂歷史

〓犬〓：新頁面: '''Götz von Berlichingen''' (c. 1480 – ...