檢視 Rusalka 的原始碼

:''For other uses of the word, see [[Rusalka (disambiguation)]]''
[[Image:Rusalka.jpg|300px|thumb|''Rusalka'' (1968), a painting by [[Konstantin Vasiliev]].]]
In [[Slavic mythology]], a '''rusalka''' (plural:''rusalki'') was a female [[ghost]], water [[nymph]], [[succubus]] or [[mermaid]]-like [[demon]] that dwelled in a waterway. 

According to most traditions, the rusalki were fish-women, who lived at the bottom of rivers. In the middle of the night, they would walk out to the bank and dance in meadows. If they saw handsome men, they would fascinate them with songs and dancing, mesmerise them, then lead the person away to the river floor, to live with them. The stories about rusalki have parallels with the Germanic [[Nix]] and the [[Irish mythology|Irish]] [[banshee]]. See [[Slavic fairies]] for similar creatures.

== Origin ==

In most versions, the rusalka is an unquiet dead being, associated with the "unclean force". According to Zelenin, people who die violently and before their time, such as young women who commit suicide because they have been jilted by their lovers, or unmarried women who are pregnant out of wedlock, must live out their designated time on earth as a spirit. 

The ghostly version is the [[soul]] of a young woman who had died in or near a river or a lake and came to haunt that waterway. This [[undead]] rusalka is not invariably malevolent, and will be allowed to die in peace if her death is avenged. 

Rusalki can also come from unbaptized children, often those who were born out of wedlock and drowned by their mothers for that reason.  Baby rusalki supposedly wander the forest begging to be baptized so that they can have peace.  They are not necessarily innocent, however, and can attack a human foolish enough to approach them.  

== Description ==

While her primary dwelling place was the body of water in which she died, the rusalka could come out of the water at night, climb a tree, and sit there singing songs, sit on a dock and comb her hair, or join other rusalki in circle dances ({{lang-ru|хороводы}}, {{lang-pl|korowody}}) in the field.  

Though in some versions of the myth, the eyes shine like green fire, others describe them as extremely pale, with no visible pupils, such as in the famous [[Ivan Bilibin]] drawing.  Her hair is sometimes depicted as green, and often perpetually wet.  According to some legends, should the rusalka's hair dry out, she will die. 

Rusalki like to seduce men.  They can do so by enticing men with their singing and then drowning them.  Men seduced by the rusalka could die in her arms, and in some versions hearing her laugh could also cause death.

Specifics pertaining to rusalka differed within regions.  Although in most tales they lived without men, in the [[Ukraine]] they were often linked with water, while in [[Belorus]] they were linked with the forest and field.  Where land was fertile, the maidens appeared naked and beautiful.  In harsher areas of Great Russia, they appeared as "large breasted [[amazon]]s" (Hubbs).  And often, in the north, they were ugly and covered in hair.

== Rusalka Week ==
{{main|Semik}}
The ''rusalki'' were believed to be at their most dangerous during the [[Semik|Rusalka Week]] (Rusal'naia) in early June. At this time, they were supposed to have left their watery depths in order to swing on branches of birch and willow trees by nights. Swimming during this week was strictly forbidden, lest mermaids would drag a swimmer down to the river floor. A common feature of the celebration of Rusal'naia week was the ritual banishing or burial of the rusalka at the end of the week, which remained as entertainment in Russia until the 1930s <ref>Linda Ivanits, ''Russian Folk Belief'', p 80</ref>.

[[Max Vasmer]] notes that the very word ''rusalka'' originally referred to the dances of girls at [[Whitsuntide]]. The word is derived through Greek ῥουσάλια from "rosalia", the Latin term for Whitsuntide week (originally it meant "the festival of roses").

== Music and literature ==
===Music===
*[[Alexander Dargomyzhsky|Dargomyzhsky]]'s  [[opera]] ''[[Rusalka (Dargomyzhsky)|Rusalka]]''
*[[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s opera ''[[May Night]]''
*[[Antonín Dvořák]]'s opera ''[[Rusalka (opera)|Rusalka]]''
*[[Leprechaun (band)]]'s album [[The Ultimate Dance]], track 4.
*Rusalki are featured on [[CMX (band)|CMX]]'s album [[Talvikuningas]] where they are depicted as cruel hunter/killer [[cyborg|cyborgs]].

===Literature===
* Folk tales about ''rusalki'' gave rise to [[Pushkin]]'s unfinished dramatic poem, praised by [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov|Vladimir Nabokov]] as one of his most ingenious works, and [[Gogol]]'s short story ''[[May Night or the Drowned Maiden]]''.
* Also a name of a [[The Russian Stories (C.J. Cherryh)|fantasy novel]] by [[C. J. Cherryh]].
* A rusalka is also used as a plot device in [[Tigana]], a novel by [[Guy Gavriel Kay]].
*Rusalki are featured in "Fortunate Fool", an entertaining fantasy by [[Mercedes Lackey]]

==Games==
* There are five Rusalki (a "cycle") present in the [[Magic: the Gathering]] card game set [[Guildpact]].
* The Rusalka is a character in the epic adventure game series [[Quest for Glory]].  She appears in the fourth installment, Shadows of Darkness, and the Paladin character may avenge her death and set her spirit free as part of a quest.
* Rusalki are present in the DOS-based RPG [[Betrayal at Krondor]].They often are found near rivers.

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*Д.К. Зеленин. Очерки русской мифологии: Умершие неестественною смертью и русалки. Москва: Индрик. 1995.



{{Slavmyth}}
[[Category:Slavic legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Russian mythology]]
[[Category:Fairies]]
[[Category:Mermaids]]
[[Category:Undead]]