檢視 SPP-1水下手槍的原始碼

{{Infobox Weapon
|name=SPP-1
|image=
|caption= 
|origin={{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|type=[[Underwater firearm|Underwater]] [[Pistol]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 
|used_by=
|wars= 
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= 
|design_date=
|manufacturer=[[TSNIITOCHMASH]]
|production_date=1971
|number= 
|variants= 
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=950 g empty 
|length=244 mm (9.606 inches)
|part_length= 
|width=37 mm
|height=136 mm
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> 
|cartridge=
|caliber= 4.5x40R 
|action=
|rate=
|velocity= 240-250 m/s in air
|range= in air, 20 m; in water, 17 m at depth of 5 m; 11 m at depth of 20 m; 6 m at depth of 40 m
|max_range=
|feed= 4 barrels with a cartridge in each
|sights= 
}}


4.5mm的'''SPP-1水下手槍（SPP全稱Spetsialnyj Podvodnyj Pistolet，Пистолет подводный специальный，即特種水下手槍）'''是[[蘇聯]]爲了有效對付[[蛙人]]而製造的[[水下武器]]。它在60年代晚期由NIITOCHMASH（中央精密機械研究所）研發並在1971年投入使用，裝配給前蘇聯海軍戰鬥蛙人部隊。之後改造的SPP-1M（СПП-1М）仍被俄羅斯海軍特種部隊所裝備，並通過俄羅斯政府控制的軍事銷售組織RosOboronExport公司出口到其他國家。
普通手槍在水中射程非常短且彈道不穩定。 As a result, this pistol fires a round-based 4.5mm caliber steel dart about 4.53 inches (115 mm) long, weighing 12.8 g, which has longer range and more penetrating power than [[speargun]] spears. The complete cartridge is 145 mm  = 5.71 inches long and weighs 17.5 g.

SPP-1為手動操作的四管手槍。槍管組件前部通過1個銷軸鉸接於底把上，其後部由一個鎖扣固定於發射位置。裝填方式類似民用單管或雙管獵槍：扳開槍管，從槍管尾部裝填。其雙動擊發機構採用一個旋轉擊針，每次扣動扳機時擊針向後進入待發位置，同時擊針座會旋轉90度對準下一個未發射的槍管。手槍底把左側的扳把在三種狀態時發揮不同功能：位於頂端時可打開槍管裝填，位於中間時是保險鎖，扳到底部則可以發射。

槍管內沒有膛線。



SPP-1水下手槍使用專門的SPS水下彈藥，發射一種又長又細的箭形彈頭。使用40mm長的突緣瓶頸形水密彈殼，彈頭由低碳鋼製成，彈徑4.5mm，長115mm，重12.8g。全彈長 145mm，重17.5g。這種箭形彈的彈尖頂端是平的，它通過滑膛槍管發射，依靠流體力學效應來穩定，而由於發射藥的爆發力比壓縮空氣強，因此SPP-1水下手槍在水底下的有效射程和穿透力比以往潛水員用的梭鏢更強。在其有效射程內可輕易地穿透保暖潛水衣或5mm厚的塑料面罩後對潛水員造成嚴重創傷。不過這種箭形彈在空氣中飛行不太穩定，因此在水面上使用時有效射程很有限，通常只能應急時使用。

一套完整的SPP-1裝備包括1把手槍、10個裝有4發集束彈的彈盒、槍套和一根可攜帶1個槍套和3個彈盒的專用背帶。

SPP-1M型手槍基本上上與SPP-1型相同，主要的改進有兩個方面，一是在扳機拉桿上增加了一個彈簧以改善扳機扣力，二是扳機護圈增大以適應較厚的潛水手套。

It has four barrels, each containing one cartridge. Its ammunition comes as a clip of four cartridges which is inserted into the pistol's breech.

Its barrel is not [[rifling|rifled]]; the fired projectile is kept in line by [[hydrodynamics|hydrodynamic]] effects. As a result, it is somewhat inaccurate when fired out of water.

Depth reduces range because the higher pressure closes the cavity sooner. Once the projectile is no longer [[supercavitation|supercavitating]], hydrodynamic drag increases greatly, and the projectile becomes unstable.

Its stated lethal range is the range from which it can easily penetrate a padded underwater suit or a 5 mm thick glass facepiece.

A double-action firing mechanism fires one cartridge sequentially for each pull of the trigger. When all four cartridges are spent, the gun can be reloaded above or below water.

The SPP-1M pistol is essentially the same as the SPP-1 but:-
* It has an extra spring above the [[Sear (firearm)|sear]] to improve the trigger pull.
* Its trigger guard is larger to accommodate diving gloves.

==See also==
* [[Underwater firearm]]
* [[List of Russian Weaponry]]

==External links==
* [http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg140-e.htm Picture and information] <!-- down as of 2006/10/31 -->
* [http://www.securityarms.com/20010315/galleryfiles/2100/2153.htm Technical specification]
* [http://www.cruffler.com/trivia-November01.html Description, image of firearm and darts, and specifications]
* [http://www.kgb-militaryschool.com/view/spp-1m Image of firearm, breech opened, and specifications]

[[Category:手槍]]
[[Category:水下武器]]
[[Category:俄羅斯武器]]
[[Category:Cold War weapons of the Soviet Union]]