檢視 John Browning 的原始碼

[[Image:John_Moses_Browning.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''約翰·摩西·勃朗寧（John Moses Browning）'''或翻成'''約翰·白朗寧'''（[[1855年]][[1月21日]]或[[1月23日]]生-[[1926年]][[11月26日]]亡）是[[美國]]的[[槍械]][[設計師]]，他曾經設計過許多種類的槍支、子彈、火砲，且許多作品現在還被廣泛使用。他可以說是近現代自動武器的重要人物，並自[[1879年]][[10月7日]]以降共取得了128項槍械[[專利]]。

勃朗寧幾乎影響了之後的所有子彈設計，同時也對[[槓桿式步槍]]、[[單發步槍]]及[[滑動式槍機]]等有顯著貢獻。然而他最有力的領域還是自動裝填槍械。他靠著發明[[滑動式槍機]]這種現在被普遍應用的技術來開發自動裝填[[手槍]]。他也發明了第一支[[氣體作用式]][[機關槍]]，運用了[[柯爾特-勃朗寧1895型]]這個比[[後座作用式]]得到更廣泛支持的系統。其他成功的設計還有諸如[[勃朗寧M2機關槍]]、[[M1918勃朗寧自動步槍]]還有開拓性的半自動[[霰彈鎗]][[勃朗寧Auto-5]]等。

==歷史==

Browning belonged to [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and served a two year mission in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] beginning on [[March 28]], [[1887]]. His father [[Jonathan Browning]], who was among the thousands of [[Mormon]] [[settler|pioneer]]s in the mass exodus from [[Nauvoo, Illinois]] to [[Utah]], had established a [[gunsmith]] shop in Ogden in 1852. John Moses worked in his fathers shop and later developed his first rifle a single-shot falling-block design, in that capacity. He founded his own manufacturing operation and began to produce this firearm.

Production examples of the Browning single-shot caught the attention of the [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company]] who dispatched a representative to evaluate the competition. Winchester bought the design and moved production to their Conneticut factory. From 1883, Browning worked in partnership with Winchester and designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the [[Winchester Model 1887/1901|Winchester Model 1887]] and [[Winchester Model 1897|Model 1897]] shotguns and the lever-action [[Winchester Model 1886|Model 1886]], [[Winchester Model 1892|Model 1892]], [[Winchester Model 1894|Model 1894]] and [[Winchester Model 1895|Model 1895]] rifles, most of which are still in production today in some form.

[[FN M1910手槍]]可以説是勃朗寧設計中得到最聲名狼藉的槍械。1914年時[[Gavrilo Princip|加夫里若·普林西普]]使用[[.380 ACP]]手槍[[塞拉耶佛事件|刺殺]][[奧匈帝國]]皇位繼承人費迪南大公夫婦。此事件可説是[[第一次世界大戰]]的導火線。這把手槍已經在[[2004年]]被發現。

On [[November 26]], [[1926]], while working on a self-loading pistol design for FN in [[Liège (city)|Liege]], he died of heart failure in the office of his son [[Val A. Browning|Val]]. The 9 mm self-loading pistol he was working on when he died was eventually completed in 1935, by Belgian designer [[Dieudonne Saive]]. Released as the Fabrique Nationale GP35, it was more popularly known as the [[Browning Hi-Power]]. The Superposed shotgun was his last firearm design, marketed originally with twin triggers.  A single trigger modification was later completed by his son, Val A. Browning.

終其一生，勃朗寧都在為他自己的公司、[[Winchester（公司）|温彻斯特]]、[[Colt|柯爾特]]、[[Remington Arms|雷明頓]]、[[Savage Arms|薩維奇]]及[[比利時]]的[[Fabrique Nationale|FN]]。[[1977年]]FN接收了在勃朗寧死後一年成立的[[Browning Arms Company|勃朗寧武器公司]]。

==作品==
===槍械===
*[[M1895 Colt-Browning machine gun]]
*[[Colt Model 1897]] 
*[[FN M1900|FN Browning M1899/M1900]]
*[[Colt M1900|Colt Model 1900]]
*[[Colt Model 1902]]
*[[Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammer]] (.38 ACP)
*[[Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless]] (.32 ACP)
*[[Colt Model 1905]], the first .45 ACP
*[[Remington Model 8]] (1906), a long recoil semi-automatic rifle         
*[[Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket]] (.25 ACP)
*[[Colt Model 1908 Pocket Hammerless]] (.380 ACP)
*[[FN Model 1910]]
*[[M1911 Colt pistol|U.S. Model 1911]], the first .45 ACP military handgun
*[[Winchester Model 1886]] lever-action repeating rifle
*[[Winchester Model 1887/1901|Winchester Model 1887]] lever-action repeating shotgun
*[[Winchester Model 1890]] slide-action repeating rifle (.22)
*[[Winchester Model 1892]] lever-action repeating rifle
*[[Winchester Model 1894]] lever-action repeating rifle
*[[Winchester Model 1895]] lever-action repeating rifle
*[[Winchester Model 1897]] pump-action repeating shotgun
*[[Browning Auto-5]] long recoil semi-automatic shotgun
*[[M1917 Browning machine gun|U.S. Model 1917]] water-cooled machine gun
*[[M1919 Browning machine gun|Model 1919]] air-cooled machine gun
*[[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle|Browning Automatic Rifle]] (BAR) of 1917
*[[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M2]] .50-caliber heavy [[machine gun]] of 1921
*The [[Browning Hi-Power]], the last pistol that John Browning developed
* The Superposed over/under shotgun was designed by John Browning in 1922 and entered production in 1931
===子彈===
*[[.25 ACP]]
*[[.32 ACP]]
*[[.38 Super|.38 ACP]]
*9mm Browning Long
*[[.380 ACP]]
*[[.45 ACP]]
*[[.50 BMG]]
==軍事武器==

==專利==